Is there anyone who disagrees that losing money is a terrible thing? If you consistently lose money in your investments, that’s a severe problem. It breaks Warren Buffett’s first two rules of investing.
Rule #1 – Never lose money
Rule #2 – Don’t forget rule #1
That doesn’t mean you should keep your money on a mattress. If you did, you’d still be losing money to the gnawing effects of inflation.
So what’s an investor to do?
It’s easy to say don’t lose money, but all investments have risks. Fortunately, they don’t have the same risk. Some assets are riskier than others, and some are notorious for losing money. Let’s look at some of those.
Investments That Often Lose Money:
Commodities:
Commodities are economic goods (typically raw materials, basic resources, mining, and agricultural products) whose value is uniform regardless of producer. For example, a barrel of oil is equivalent to whether produced in the United States, Brazil, or Saudi Arabia.
Commodities are highly leveraged products that are traded on the futures market. They can experience wild swings in value over short periods, making them one of the most volatile asset classes.
Commodities are a mystery to the average American. However, success in this asset class demands extensive knowledge. That lack of familiarity, high leverage, and excessive volatility are a recipe for disaster. Logically, trading is speculative, and losing money in this asset class is easy.
While there is no way to eliminate risk in commodities, one can lessen the risk by investing in exchange-traded products that package multiple commodities futures contracts together in one investment. Diversification removes some risks, but you should never forget that most commodities are hazardous no matter how you invest in them.
The Stock Market:
The stock market is one of the “Big Three” of investments—stocks, bonds, and real estate. According to a 2021 Gallup survey, 89% of adults in households earning $100,000 or more own stock. Stocks are a mainstream way for investors to grow wealth. That said, there are right and wrong ways to invest in the stock market.
The most significant risk in the stock market is volatility. Combine that volatility with high liquidity, and you have a recipe for costly mistakes. These mistakes revolve around emotional decisions. As the stock market climbs, investors can experience irrational exuberance, leading them to purchase at market highs.
Conversely, investors feel the strain of significant losses as the market crashes. Unfortunately, many will solidify those losses and sell at market lows to preserve what they have left. There’s a good reason that the stock market mantra is not “Buy high and sell low.” And yet, far too many investors do just that.
The financial services research firm DALBAR does an annual “Quantitative Analysis of Investor Behavior.” Since its inception in 1984, this report has shown time and again that investor returns underperform the index because of their response to the stock market’s volatility.
www.ifa.com
Dalbar’s 2020 study confirms this fact yet again. As you can see from the graph, the annualized returns over twenty years for the average stock investor was 5.96%. During that same time, the S&P 500 index returned 7.43%, and the Global Equity IFA Index Portfolio 100 returned 8.29%.
Those who can avoid being their worst enemy in the stock market benefit from a long-term investment outlook. They understand that the stock market is volatile and avoid reacting to short-term fluctuations.
Losing Money In The Stock Market Can Become Inevitable If You Forget This Simple Fact
Don’t feel bad. You’re not the only one underperforming the benchmark index. The so-called experts can’t beat it either. These people with finance degrees drive around in fancy cars and wear designer suits. They speak the lingo, follow the graphs, and read all the financial news, and they still underperform the market.
S&P Dow Jones Indices
They may seem impressive, but their track record isn’t. As you can see from the graph, the vast majority of fund managers cannot beat the benchmark over the long term. Despite their poor performance, actively managed funds charge more fees than lower-cost index funds. According to their April 26, 2021 article, NerdWallet reports that the average expense ratio for an actively managed fund is 0.82%, whereas the average index fund only charges 0.09%. Why should anyone pay more fees to earn less return? They shouldn’t, yet millions of investors are doing just that.
Wouldn’t it be wiser to invest in index mutual funds? Warren Buffett, the most successful stock market investor on the planet, thinks so. In his 2013 letter to his stockholders, he gave the trustees of his estate advice on what to do with his money once he died.
“My advice to the trustee could not be more simple. Put 10% of the cash in short-term government bonds and 90% in a low-cost S&P 500 index fund. I believe the trust’s long-term results from this policy will be superior to those attained by most investors…”
Losing Money In The Stock Market Is A Specialty Of The Overconfident
When you understand that people with advanced degrees in finance who manage funds for a living can’t beat the index, why would anyone else think they could? Maybe they’re adrenalin junkies, or perhaps index mutual funds just aren’t sexy enough for them.
Despite the research, some people believe they have the recipe for beating the stock market and making money fast. So, they employ various risky investment strategies within the stock market. These are individual stock picking, options trading, timing the market, IPO investing, and penny stocks.
That’s not to say that some people don’t make money doing this; nevertheless, it is very risky.
The Bond Market:
Some of you might ask yourself why bonds would make a list of risky investments. And historically speaking, they wouldn’t. Bonds have a long track record of providing consistent, stable returns and diversification from the stock market.
But have you been paying attention to what is going on in the bond market?
Below is the graph for yields from the 10-year treasury bond. What you’ll notice is that yields have been dropping. The trend line indicates that this has been going on for decades. So, bonds have a long-term trend of being less than lucrative.
As dreadful as declining yields are, that doesn’t exactly make bond investing risky. That’s true sometimes, but not always. When yields drop below inflation, you actually lose money, so in that scenario, bonds would indeed be risky.
And unfortunately, that’s happening now. As you can see from the graph below, the yield from the 10-year treasury bond has minimally beaten inflation (CPI) in seven of those ten years. To date, over the last two years, it has not. The dataset for 2021 is not yet complete, but inflation has accelerated while the 10-year treasury yield has remained low.
Bond investors are losing money in government bonds. To make up for this unfortunate reality, they’ve had to exit bonds or move to riskier bond products to make up for the shortfall. Corporate bonds are available but tend to carry more risk, especially high-yield or junk bonds.
Oil and Gas Exploration:
Oil and gas are commodities, and as we discussed earlier, that makes them inherently risky. Crude oil can be purchased on the futures market like any other commodity. However, there are ETFs and other ways investors can buy into this asset class.
One particular way of investing is notorious for losing money. Private partnerships in gas and oil exploration have been fraught with issues.
This type of investment comes with all of the risks associated with oil as a commodity. But it also has the risk of spending millions of dollars only to drill a dry hole in the ground. Since the general public knows very little about this complex investment, it can be a fertile breeding ground for fraud.
The Securities and Exchange Commission has issued an investor alert for private oil and gas offerings. They note common red flags to be on the lookout for are:
- Sales pitches refer to recent news events like high oil or gas prices.
- “Can’t-miss” wells and “guaranteed returns, including claims that significant oil and gas companies are drilling nearby.
- Abnormally high rates of return.
- Unsolicited materials
- Sales tactics that pressure you to decide, like “limited” or “once-in-a-lifetime” opportunity.
- Sales pitches touting new technology, especially if it relates to getting higher production of low-producing wells (sometimes called “stripper” wells).
- The salesperson claims to be an investor.
- They are asked to sign documents acknowledging that the securities laws do not apply to the investment.
Oil and gas can be profitable, but it’s risky. Many investors lose money. In the best-case scenario, you own a depleting asset with highly volatile pricing subject to the whims of political agendas.
Reasons People Lose Money Investing
All investments have risks. And we’ve only scratched the surface of how investors can lose money. It’s an important topic because most investors only want to talk about making money.
Despite that, a good case can be made that they’ll end up with more profits if they focus on not losing money. When it comes to losing money, the mistakes I see most commonly revolve around:
- Misalignment between investment risk and one’s personal risk tolerance
- Making emotional decisions instead of sticking with an investment plan
- Not thoroughly understanding and vetting an investment
- Chasing shiny object syndrome / Trying to hit the next big thing
- Favoring speculative ventures over disciplined investing
Investment Trends Over The Years
The 1980’s and 1990’s
Now that we’ve covered some investments notorious for losing money and investor behavior that leads to losing money, what are some of the things that work? Remember that I’m not an investment advisor; nothing in this article should be construed as investment advice.
However, I can speak of observations, commonalities, and trends that have occurred over time. Ultimately, you must decide what works best for you and your unique financial situation.
In the 1980s and 1990s, both stocks and bonds produced high returns. It was the greatest bull market in U.S. history. In those days, it was common for investors to hold the bulk of their portfolio in index mutual funds with a lesser percentage in bonds (for yield, stability, and diversification).
The 2000’s
The 2000s was a unique decade. Early in the decade, the dot-com bubble burst, leading to a recession, and the Great Recession decimated the economy at the end of the decade. During those ten years, investments in the S&P 500 saw an annualized return of -0.99%.
It was a lost decade when it came to the stock market. Bond yields were positive, but not to the degree they returned in the 1980’s and 1990’s. So, this was a shock to the system for investors who were used to making money utilizing a stock/bond approach.
Gone were the days of parking your money and watching it grow. People started looking for alternative investments that could bolster their returns.
Real estate investing, especially multifamily real estate, has emerged as a viable option for strengthening returns, enhancing diversification, and adding stability to investors’ portfolios.
The 2010’s
The compelling fundamentals of apartment investing continued to exhibit strength. Major publications and investment firms took notice. For example, in 2012, J.P. Morgan Asset Managers declared the following:
“…the reality is that investment portfolios focused on the ‘Big Two Traditionals,’ bonds and equities (stocks), are forcing investors to compromise – either by sacrificing return for lower volatility or enhancing returns at the expense of higher risk. Real estate may offer a way out. This is why we believe real estate is increasingly being viewed, not as an alternative, but as an essential portfolio component.”
Institutional investors like AAA-rated life insurance companies, major college endowments, and pension funds increased their holdings of large apartment investments. Individual investors followed suit, noting the benefits that apartment investing afforded them. They could enhance their returns while adding stability and diversification to their portfolios.
Today and Beyond
Many people continue to invest in index mutual funds as the stock market has bounced back after the Great Recession. However, people still want diversification, inflation protection, tax benefits, and solid returns outside the market. As bond yields have steadily declined, they have become less of a viable option. Many people have turned to apartment investments to provide those benefits and fill that void.
People hate losing money, and they should. All investments have risk, but some are less risky than others. Being disciplined and focused are key factors to investment success. Having a strong understanding of your investments is also important.
So, if you’d like to learn how to invest in apartments without becoming a landlord, I’d invite you to our website. We have educational videos, articles, and reports to help you understand how to invest in apartments. And if you’d like to learn more about the 37th Parallel advantage, schedule some time to speak with one of our advisors today.
